Investigative journalism is a form of in-depth reporting that uncovers the truth and holds the powerful accountable. By revealing wrongdoing, unethical practices and abuses of power, it can expose corruption, criminality, or government incompetence. It is a deeply democratic practice founded on truth, freedom, and fairness.

Investigative journalists spend significant time identifying potential problems and conducting in-depth research to collect and analyse information. Then they must carefully consider their findings and create a clear and compelling news story for readers. Many days, weeks or even years of work go into an investigative report. The best examples of this type of journalism can be found in broadsheet newspapers or on news sites like ProPublica, but a wide range of media outlets also include investigative reporting as part of their overall output.

Using open source data and satellite imagery, journalists are now able to uncover hidden secrets that were previously impossible or very difficult to find. These new methods of investigation can bring stories to life in ways never before possible, and allow for greater depth and insight into complex issues.

As Assistant Professor Brent Walth explains, investigating a story is much like doing a jigsaw puzzle: at the beginning you have a jumble of pieces and only over time do they begin to fit together. The most important skill an investigative journalist needs to have is learning how to access and use public records to help piece together a story.

Most people, institutions and organisations have things to hide and it’s the job of investigative reporters to be able to identify what is really worth following up. This is why good judgement is essential: a tip-off may be silly, false or a hoax and it might take up valuable resources to investigate it further.